Medical Studies
- Takafumi, F.; Tohru O.; Kuniaki O.; Sumio K.; Heii A.; Yasuhisa A.; Supplementation with Matured Hop Bitter Acids Improves Cognitive Performance and Mood State in Healthy Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline 2020;76(1):387-398.doi: 10.3233/JAD-200229
- Laurent AJ, Bindslev N, Vukojević V, Terenius L. Iso-α-acids in Nonalcoholic and Alcoholic Beer Stimulate Growth of Neuron-like SH-SY5Y Cells and Neuroepithelial Stem Cells. ACS Bio Med Chem Au. 2021 Sep 7;1(1):11-20. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00017. PMID: 37101982; PMCID: PMC10125168.
- Ano Y, Hoshi A, Ayabe T, Ohya R, Uchida S, Yamada K, Kondo K, Kitaoka S, Furuyashiki T. Iso-α-acids, the bitter components of beer, improve hippocampus-dependent memory through vagus nerve activation. FASEB J. 2019 Apr;33(4):4987-4995. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801868RR. Epub 2019 Jan 2. PMID: 30601670; PMCID: PMC6436653.
- Ayabe T, Fukuda T, Ano Y. Improving Effects of Hop-Derived Bitter Acids in Beer on Cognitive Functions: A New Strategy for Vagus Nerve Stimulation. Biomolecules. 2020 Jan 13;10(1):131. doi: 10.3390/biom10010131. PMID: 31940997; PMCID: PMC7022854.
- Kita M, Yoshida S, Kondo K, Yamakawa Y, Ano Y. Effects of iso-α-acids, the hop-derived bitter components in beer, on the MRI-based Brain Healthcare Quotient in healthy middle-aged to older adults. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2019 Dec;39(4):273-278. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12077. Epub 2019 Oct 6. PMID: 31587526; PMCID: PMC7292307.
- Láng L, McArthur S, Lazar AS, Pourtau L, Gaudout D, Pontifex MG, Müller M, Vauzour D. Dietary (Poly)phenols and the Gut-Brain Axis in Ageing. Nutrients. 2024 May 16;16(10):1500. doi: 10.3390/nu16101500. PMID: 38794738; PMCID: PMC11124177.
- Simpson WJ, Smith AR. Factors affecting antibacterial activity of hop compounds and their derivatives. J Appl Bacteriol. 1992 Apr;72(4):327-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01843.x. PMID: 1517174.
- Livingston, G.;Sommerlad, A.; Orgeta, V.;Costafreda, S.G.; Huntley, J.; Ames, D.; Ballard, C.; Banerjee, S.; Burns, A.; Cohen-Mansfield, J. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet 2017, 390, 2673–2734. [CrossRef]
- Morimoto-Kobayashi Y, Ohara K, Takahashi C, Kitao S, Wang G, Taniguchi Y, Katayama M, Nagai K. Matured Hop Bittering Components Induce Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue via Sympathetic Nerve Activity. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 22;10(6):e0131042. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131042. PMID: 26098641; PMCID: PMC4476742.
- Neafsey, E.J.; Collins, M.A. Moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive risk.Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat.2011, 7, 465–484. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xu, W.; Wang, H.; Wan, Y.; Tan, C.; Li, J.; Tan, L.; Yu, J.T. Alcohol consumption and dementia risk: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2017, 32, 31–42. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bastianetto, S.; Menard, C.; Quirion, R. Neuroprotective action of resveratrol.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2015, 1852, 1195–1201. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ayabe T, Ohya R, Taniguchi Y, Shindo K, Kondo K, Ano Y. Matured Hop-Derived Bitter Components in Beer Improve Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Through Activation of the Vagus Nerve. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 18;8(1):15372. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33866-1. PMID: 30337611; PMCID: PMC6194057.
- Turner, R.S.; Thomas, R.G.; Craft, S.; van Dyck, C.H.; Mintzer, J.; Reynolds, B.A.; Brewer, J.B.; Rissman, R.A.; Raman, R.; Aisen, P.S. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol for Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2015, 85, 1383–1391. [CrossRef]
- Sawda, C.; Moussa, C.; Turner, R.S. Resveratrol for Alzheimer’s disease.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.2017, 1403, 142–149. [CrossRef]
- Biendl, M.;Pinzl, C. Hops and health.MBAA TQ 2009, 46, 1–7. [CrossRef] CrossRef] Biomolecules 2020, 10, 131 11 of 15
- Milligan, S.R.; Kalita, J.C.;Heyerick, A.; Rong, H.; De Cooman, L.; DeKeukeleire, D. Identification of a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1999, 84, 2249–2252.
- Ano Y, Ohya R, Kondo K, Nakayama H. Iso-α-acids, Hop-Derived Bitter Components of Beer, Attenuate Age-Related Inflammation and Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019 Feb 4;11:16. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00016. PMID: 30778295; PMCID: PMC6369178.
- Yamazaki T, Morimoto-Kobayashi Y, Koizumi K, Takahashi C, Nakajima S, Kitao S, Taniguchi Y, Katayama M, Ogawa Y. Secretion of a gastrointestinal hormone, cholecystokinin, by hop-derived bitter components activates sympathetic nerves in brown adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem. 2019 Feb;64:80-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30471563.
- Stulikova, K.; Karabin, M.; Nespor, J.; Dostalek, P. Therapeutic Perspectives of 8-Prenylnaringenin, a Potent Phytoestrogen from Hops. Molecules 2018, 23, 660. [CrossRef]
- Liu, M.; Hansen, P.E.; Wang, G.; Qiu, L.; Dong, J.; Yin, H.; Qian, Z.; Yang, M.; Miao, J. Pharmacological profile of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus). Molecules 2015, 20, 754–779. [CrossRef]
- Intelmann, D.;Batram, C.; Kuhn, C.; Haseleu, G.; Meyerhof, W.; Hofmann, T. Three TAS2R Bitter Taste Receptors Mediate the Psychophysical Responses to Bitter Compounds of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and Beer. Chemosens. Percept. 2009, 2, 118–132. [CrossRef]
- Fukuda T, Ayabe T, Ohya R, Ano Y. Matured hop bitter acids improve spatial working and object recognition memory via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019 Sep;236(9):2847-2854. doi: 10.1007/s00213-019-05263-7. Epub 2019 May 8. PMID: 31069423.
- Kowaka, M.; Kokubo, E. Composition of bitter substances of hops and characteristics of beer bitterness. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem.1977,35, 16–21. [CrossRef]
- Kunimune, T.; Shellhammer, T.H. Foam-stabilizing effects and cling formation patterns of iso-alpha-acids and reduced iso-alpha-acids in lager beer. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 8629–8634. [CrossRef]
- Simpson,W.J.; Smith, A.R. Factors affecting antibacterial activity of hop compounds and their derivatives. Appl.Bacteriol.1992, 72, 327–334. [CrossRef]
- Schurr, B.C.; Hahne, H.; Kuster, B.; Behr, J.; Vogel, R.F. Molecular mechanisms behind the antimicrobial activity of hop iso-alpha-acids in Lactobacillus brevis. Food Microbiol. 2015, 46, 553–563. [CrossRef]
- Taniguchi, Y.;Matsukura, Y.; Taniguchi, H.; Koizumi, H.; Katayama, M. Development of preparative and analytical methods of the hop bitter acid oxide fraction and chemical properties of its components. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2015, 79, 1684–1694. [CrossRef]
- Biessels, G.J.;Staekenborg, S.; Brunner, E.; Brayne, C.; Scheltens, P. Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2006, 5, 64–74. [CrossRef]
- Gudala, K.; Bansal, D.; Schifano, F.; Bhansali, A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. J. Diabetes Investig. 2013, 4, 640–650. [CrossRef]
- Xu,W.; Atti, A.; Gatz, M.; Pedersen, N.; Johansson, B.;Fratiglioni, L. Midlife overweight and obesity increase late-life dementia risk: A population-based twin study. Neurology 2011, 76, 1568–1574. [CrossRef]
- Waldstein, S.; Katzel, L. Interactive relations of central versus total obesity and blood pressure to cognitive function. Int. J. Obes. 2006, 30, 201. [CrossRef]
- Raji, C.A.; Ho, A.J.;Parikshak, N.N.; Becker, J.T.; Lopez, O.L.; Kuller, L.H.; Hua, X.; Leow, A.D.; Toga, A.W.; Thompson, P.M. Brain structure and obesity. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2010, 31, 353–364. [CrossRef]
- Spencer, S.J.; D’Angelo, H.; Soch, A.; Watkins, L.R.; Maier, S.F.; Barrientos, R.M. High-fat diet and aging interact to produce neuroinflammation and impair hippocampal-and amygdalar-dependent memory. Neurobiol. Aging 2017, 58, 88–101. [CrossRef]
- Yajima, H.;Ikeshima, E.; Shiraki, M.; Kanaya, T.; Fujiwara, D.; Odai, H.;Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N.; Ezaki, O.; Oikawa, S.; Kondo, K. Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 33456–33462. [CrossRef]
- Gross, B.; Pawlak, M.; Lefebvre, P.;Staels, B. PPARs in obesity-induced T2DM,dyslipidaemia and NAFLD. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2017, 13, 36–49. [CrossRef]