Medical Studies
- Livingston, G.;Sommerlad, A.; Orgeta, V.;Costafreda, S.G.; Huntley, J.; Ames, D.; Ballard, C.; Banerjee, S.; Burns, A.; Cohen-Mansfield, J. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet 2017, 390, 2673–2734. [CrossRef]
- Neafsey, E.J.; Collins, M.A. Moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive risk.Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat.2011, 7, 465–484. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xu, W.; Wang, H.; Wan, Y.; Tan, C.; Li, J.; Tan, L.; Yu, J.T. Alcohol consumption and dementia risk: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2017, 32, 31–42. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bastianetto, S.; Menard, C.; Quirion, R. Neuroprotective action of resveratrol.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2015, 1852, 1195–1201. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Turner, R.S.; Thomas, R.G.; Craft, S.; van Dyck, C.H.; Mintzer, J.; Reynolds, B.A.; Brewer, J.B.; Rissman, R.A.; Raman, R.; Aisen, P.S. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol for Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2015, 85, 1383–1391. [CrossRef]
- Sawda, C.; Moussa, C.; Turner, R.S. Resveratrol for Alzheimer’s disease.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.2017, 1403, 142–149. [CrossRef]
- Biendl, M.;Pinzl, C. Hops and health.MBAA TQ 2009, 46, 1–7. [CrossRef] CrossRef] Biomolecules 2020, 10, 131 11 of 15
- Milligan, S.R.; Kalita, J.C.;Heyerick, A.; Rong, H.; De Cooman, L.; DeKeukeleire, D. Identification of a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1999, 84, 2249–2252.
- Stulikova, K.; Karabin, M.; Nespor, J.; Dostalek, P. Therapeutic Perspectives of 8-Prenylnaringenin, a Potent Phytoestrogen from Hops. Molecules 2018, 23, 660. [CrossRef]
- Liu, M.; Hansen, P.E.; Wang, G.; Qiu, L.; Dong, J.; Yin, H.; Qian, Z.; Yang, M.; Miao, J. Pharmacological profile of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus). Molecules 2015, 20, 754–779. [CrossRef]
- Intelmann, D.;Batram, C.; Kuhn, C.; Haseleu, G.; Meyerhof, W.; Hofmann, T. Three TAS2R Bitter Taste Receptors Mediate the Psychophysical Responses to Bitter Compounds of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and Beer. Chemosens. Percept. 2009, 2, 118–132. [CrossRef]
- Kowaka, M.; Kokubo, E. Composition of bitter substances of hops and characteristics of beer bitterness. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem.1977,35, 16–21. [CrossRef]
- Kunimune, T.; Shellhammer, T.H. Foam-stabilizing effects and cling formation patterns of iso-alpha-acids and reduced iso-alpha-acids in lager beer. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 8629–8634. [CrossRef]
- Simpson,W.J.; Smith, A.R. Factors affecting antibacterial activity of hop compounds and their derivatives. Appl.Bacteriol.1992, 72, 327–334. [CrossRef]
- Schurr, B.C.; Hahne, H.; Kuster, B.; Behr, J.; Vogel, R.F. Molecular mechanisms behind the antimicrobial activity of hop iso-alpha-acids in Lactobacillus brevis. Food Microbiol. 2015, 46, 553–563. [CrossRef]
- Taniguchi, Y.;Matsukura, Y.; Taniguchi, H.; Koizumi, H.; Katayama, M. Development of preparative and analytical methods of the hop bitter acid oxide fraction and chemical properties of its components. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2015, 79, 1684–1694. [CrossRef]
- Biessels, G.J.;Staekenborg, S.; Brunner, E.; Brayne, C.; Scheltens, P. Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2006, 5, 64–74. [CrossRef]
- Gudala, K.; Bansal, D.; Schifano, F.; Bhansali, A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. J. Diabetes Investig. 2013, 4, 640–650. [CrossRef]
- Xu,W.; Atti, A.; Gatz, M.; Pedersen, N.; Johansson, B.;Fratiglioni, L. Midlife overweight and obesity increase late-life dementia risk: A population-based twin study. Neurology 2011, 76, 1568–1574. [CrossRef]
- Waldstein, S.; Katzel, L. Interactive relations of central versus total obesity and blood pressure to cognitive function. Int. J. Obes. 2006, 30, 201. [CrossRef]
- Raji, C.A.; Ho, A.J.;Parikshak, N.N.; Becker, J.T.; Lopez, O.L.; Kuller, L.H.; Hua, X.; Leow, A.D.; Toga, A.W.; Thompson, P.M. Brain structure and obesity. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2010, 31, 353–364. [CrossRef]
- Spencer, S.J.; D’Angelo, H.; Soch, A.; Watkins, L.R.; Maier, S.F.; Barrientos, R.M. High-fat diet and aging interact to produce neuroinflammation and impair hippocampal-and amygdalar-dependent memory. Neurobiol. Aging 2017, 58, 88–101. [CrossRef]
- Yajima, H.;Ikeshima, E.; Shiraki, M.; Kanaya, T.; Fujiwara, D.; Odai, H.;Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N.; Ezaki, O.; Oikawa, S.; Kondo, K. Isohumulones, bitter acids derived from hops, activate both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and reduce insulin resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 33456–33462. [CrossRef]
- Gross, B.; Pawlak, M.; Lefebvre, P.;Staels, B. PPARs in obesity-induced T2DM,dyslipidaemia and NAFLD. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2017, 13, 36–49. [CrossRef]